What Are Tumour Markers?
Tumour markers are substances found in blood, urine, or body tissues. Usually, your body makes them in small amounts. However, some cancers can cause higher levels. For this reason, doctors often use tumour marker testing to help find or track cancer. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), these markers can help with diagnosis and treatment planning. Still, not every high level means cancer is present. Sometimes, other health problems can raise these markers too.
How Are Tumour Markers Used in Radiology?
Doctors often use tumour markers along with imaging tests like CT scans or MRIs. For example, if a tumour marker is high, your doctor may order a scan to look for cancer. In addition, tumour markers can help monitor how well treatment is working. Sometimes, a drop in marker levels shows that treatment is helping. On the other hand, rising levels may mean the cancer is growing or coming back. Therefore, tumour markers and radiology work together to give a clearer picture.
Common Types of Tumour Markers
There are many different tumour markers. Each one is linked to certain types of cancer. For instance, some are found in blood, while others are in urine or tissues. Here are some common examples:
Because each marker is different, doctors choose the right test based on your symptoms and history.
How Are Tumour Markers Tested?
Tumour marker testing is usually simple. Most often, it involves a blood test. Sometimes, urine or tissue samples are needed. Here is how the process often works:
Because the test is quick and easy, it can be repeated to track changes over time. However, results alone do not confirm or rule out cancer.
What Can Tumour Markers Really Tell You?
Tumour markers can give helpful clues about your health. For example, they may help:
However, tumour markers are just one piece of the puzzle. Doctors use them along with other tests, such as scans or biopsies. Because many things can affect marker levels, results must be interpreted carefully. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that tumour marker testing is not perfect for screening everyone.
Limitations and Misconceptions About Tumour Markers
Although tumour markers are useful, they have limits. For instance, not all cancers produce markers. Also, some non-cancer conditions can raise marker levels. For example, infections or inflammation may cause changes. Therefore, a high result does not always mean cancer. In addition, a normal result does not always mean you are cancer-free. Some common misconceptions include:
Because of these limits, doctors use tumour markers with other tests for better accuracy.
When Should You Discuss Tumour Markers With Your Doctor?
It is important to talk to your doctor if you have symptoms or a family history of cancer. For example, if you notice unexplained weight loss, pain, or changes in your body, bring it up. In addition, if your doctor suggests tumour marker testing, ask what the results might mean for you. You should also discuss:
Because understanding tumour markers can be confusing, your doctor can help explain the benefits and limits. Consult at Elite Diagnostics for expert advice for the best care.